Application Of Capital Gain Taxation Essay - 2448 Words

CASE STUDY -1 INTRODUCTION: For the application of Capital Gain Taxation (CGT) provisions under the Australian taxation system, the happening of a CGT event is must. The most common capital gain tax event is a sale of assets. These assets may be generally the either the real estate or the shares. However, there are other events also which are considered as CGT events. TO WHOM APPLICABLE: The provisions of the capital gains or losses are applicable on the following three kinds of legal personalities: †¢ Individuals. †¢ Companies. †¢ Trusts. The CGT is applicable only on the residents of Australia. It may be applicable on the foreign nationals only if they hold an Australian property. PROPERTIES THAT CAN BE TAXED: The provisions of the CGT are available only on the properties which are acquired by any individual company or trust after 20th September, 1987. The CGT provisions were introduced on the above mentioned date and it was applied prospectively. Thus, the properties acquired before 20th September 1987 are not meant to be taxable under CGT. The capital assets under CGT may be defined as either of the following: †¢ Property of any kind. †¢ Legal or equitable rights. Some exemptions are also been provided under the legislation. Most of the personal assets like residential homes, vehicles and other personal assets have been exempted from the provision. DETERMINATION OF THE HAPPENING OF THE CGT EVENTS: Capital gain taxes areShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Capital Gain Taxation ( Cgt ) Provisions Under The Australian Taxation System2447 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION: For the application of Capital Gain Taxation (CGT) provisions under the Australian taxation system, the happening of a CGT event is must. The most common capital gain tax event is a sale of assets. These assets may be generally the either the real estate or the shares. However, there are other events also which are considered as CGT events. TO WHOM APPLICABLE: The provisions of the capital gains or losses are applicable on the following three kinds of legal personalities: †¢ IndividualsRead MoreA Flat Tax Is A System Of Taxation1713 Words   |  7 Pagestax is a system of taxation that taxes at a uniform rate, regardless of income level. In the United States we currently use a progressive tax system, meaning that high-income earners pay taxes at a higher rate than low-income earners. A flat tax rate is a tax system with a constant marginal rate, which is applied to individual income. There are various tax systems that are labeled a flat tax even though they are significantly different. A true flat rate tax is a system of taxation where one tax rateRead MoreA Brief Note On The Canadian Tax Law1500 Words   |  6 PagesUnder Canadian Tax Law, there is an election for companies to defer recaptures and capital gains of property that was involuntarily or voluntarily disposed of. In this research paper, we attempt to prove that the election is a useful taxation strategy for businesses so that they are not subject to pay taxes on capital gains or re captures until such a time where they may acquire an eligible replacement property that will help them earn business income. We will provide facts, definitions, and examplesRead MoreFederal Tax Case Solution856 Words   |  4 Pagesmarginal tax rate. In particular, it would reduce capital reserved for to preferred segments of the US economy that are, for all intents and purposes, subsidized by their special tax treatment. A broad-based tax system that utilizes a flatter rate would alleviate the amount of capital spent on tax-preferred segments and shift capital to industries that earn higher returns. Shifting taxes would allocate taxation to segments with higher capital, and in turn, expand the economy over the long-termRead MoreEssay on Taxation Law Case Study - Myer`S First and Second Strands1626 Words   |  7 PagesTaxation Law Question: What is the â€Å"first strand† of the decision in FC of T v The Myer Emporium Ltd 87 ATC 4363? Did the courts apply the first strand in any of the following cases: FC of T v Cooling 90 ATC 4472, Westfield Ltd v FC of T 91 ATC 4234, Henry Jones (IXL) Ltd v FC of T 91 ATC 4663 and SP Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T 93 ATC 4170? If the first strand did not apply in some of these cases but amounts were nevertheless assessable, on what basis was this so? Answer: IntroductionRead MoreKazakhstan and United States Income Tax Treaty1221 Words   |  5 PagesKazakhstan has concluded 43 double taxation treaties with different countries around the globe and one of them is the United States. Kazakhstan and the United Stated singed an income tax treaty and protocol on October 24, 1994. The parties initialed the proposed convention and protocol during the first half of 1993. Although similar to the U.S. - Russia income tax treaty, the new Kazakh accord contains some distinguishing features. Creditable taxes The new agreement applies to the Kazakh on profitsRead MoreA Career Process : Preparing For Career Success765 Words   |  4 PagesPreparing for Career Success Taxation is which the government finance the expenditures by setting charges on the corporate entities and individuals, it’s usually used to encourage an economic decision and to fund different public expenditures. Moreover, it finances the public goods and services such as, streets cleaning and lighting. Because of that the UAE is planning to start collecting a value added tax at 5% in the beginning of 2018. Which can be a strong tool to help achieving the goals ofRead MoreInternational Income Tax1530 Words   |  6 Pagesof tax collection generally involves the primary right of a country a business is using as its main location of trading to tax this business according to its income. This is a general international state practice, which is also anchored in double taxation agreements. The source system means that income is taxed in the country where the income originates, regardless of factors such as physical or legal residence of the person or entity receiving the income. The source system is based on the factRead MoreCase Study : Residence And Source1206 Words   |  5 Pagesintention of making a profit. Test, Is the gain a mere enhancement of value by realising an asset? Is the gain made in the operation of a business carrying out a scheme of profit making? ii. Scottish Australian Mining Co. Ltd. V FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188 – This is the case which is considered the issue of income through business. It involves decisions Powers to buy and sell land, activities of mining companies, ordinary income and realisation of an assets or a capital, Full and true disclosure, improvedRead MoreSection 351 Tax Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesWriting Project-Accounting 757 Professor Stevens December 17th 2012 In the United States today there are millions of corporations in many different industries. All of them must abide by the current taxation rules and regulations that have been set by IRS and congress. The Internal Revenue Code, which was originally founded in 1939, set the foundation for the codification that we have in place today. The code arranged all Federal Tax provisions in a logical order and placed them in a separate

Risk Identification Is An Underdeveloped Art - 1786 Words

Risk identification is an underdeveloped art† Discuss and include an overview of risk identification aids and techniques in your answer. Introduction:- Risk is a vital necessity in which both change and innovation occur and in an everlasting developing economy businesses must change, adapt, and innovate in either or service or goods. However, like art, risk takes time and effort in calculating and producing a meaningful quantity out of in which you have to take the probability of a bad scenario occurring and also the amount of damage that it will create to the firm. However saying this risk depends a lot on the type of person you are if you are risk averse or not, people who are risk averse tend to go away from risk, however, this may cause a loss of opportunity in which the firm could have created a good profit. On the other hand if someone is too risk driven then that also could be very harmful to the business. It is clear that it is in fact very hard to identify when risks should and should not be taken, thinking of the word â€Å"undeveloped† risk is something that has always been thought of, however, when did people start actually start feeling the impact of risk, mainly during the 2007 economic crash that was due to people taking too much risk with the mortgages market in which due to the amount of money they were profiting from moral hazard and adverse selection came into play and mortgages were basically being handed out even to people who should not have had theShow MoreRelatedDukes Talent Identification Program1254 Words   |  5 PagesGullen Essay Children are natural learners using curiosity as an engine for their studies. Imagine what we are capable as students if we are allowed to study what we love and enjoy? Education in underdeveloped countries has attracted significant attention in recent years from educational policy makers around the world. 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The Host Chapter 45 Succeeded Free Essays

string(73) " know what it does, so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He nodded, digging through the bag\." Healer Knits Fire and Cerulean walked through the door together. The Healer handed me a tall glass of water. It didn’t feel as cold as the first-my fingers were cold with fear now. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 45: Succeeded or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dark-skinned woman had something for me, too. She handed me a flat rectangle with a handle. â€Å"I thought you would want to see,† Knits Fire said with a warm smile. The tension flooded out of me. There was no suspicion or fear. Just more kindness from the souls who had dedicated their lives to Healing. Cerulean had given me a mirror. I held it up and then tried to stifle my gasp. My face looked the way I remembered it from San Diego. The face I’d taken for granted there. The skin was smooth and peachy across my right cheekbone. If I looked carefully, it was just a little lighter and pinker in color than the tan on the other cheek. It was a face that belonged to Wanderer, the soul. It belonged here, in this civilized place where there was no violence and no horror. I realized why it was so easy to lie to these gentle creatures. Because it felt right to talk with them, because I understood their communication and their rules. The lies could be†¦ maybe should be true. I should be filling a Calling somewhere, whether teaching at a university or serving food in a restaurant. A peaceful, easy life contributing to a greater good. â€Å"What do you think?† the Healer asked. â€Å"I look perfect. Thank you.† â€Å"It was my pleasure to heal you.† I looked at myself again, seeing details beyond the perfection. My hair was ragged-dirty, with uneven ends. There was no gloss to it-homemade soap and poor nutrition were to blame for that. Though the Healer had cleaned the blood from my neck, it was still smudged with purple dust. â€Å"I think it’s time I called the camping trip quits. I need to clean up,† I murmured. â€Å"Do you camp often?† â€Å"In all my free time, lately. I†¦ can’t seem to keep away from the desert.† â€Å"You must be brave. I find the city much more comfortable.† â€Å"Not brave-just different.† In the mirror, my eyes were familiar rings of hazel. Dark gray on the outside, a circle of moss green, and then another circle of caramel brown around the pupil. Underlying it all, a faint shimmer of silver that would reflect the light, magnify it. Jamie? Mel asked urgently, beginning to feel nervous. I was too comfortable here. She could see the logic of the other path laid out before me, and that frightened her. I know who I am, I told her. I blinked, then looked back at the friendly faces beside me. â€Å"Thank you,† I said again to the Healer. â€Å"I suppose I’d better be on my way.† â€Å"It’s very late. You could sleep here if you’d like.† â€Å"I’m not tired. I feel†¦ perfect.† The Healer grinned. â€Å"No Pain does that.† Cerulean walked me to the reception area. She put her hand on my shoulder as I stepped through the door. My heart beat faster. Had she noticed that my pack, once flat, was now bulging? â€Å"Be more careful, dear,† she said, and patted my arm. â€Å"I will. No more hikes in the dark.† She smiled and went back to her desk. I kept my pace even as I walked through the parking lot. I wanted to run. What if the Healer looked in her cabinets? How soon would she realize why they were half empty? The car was still there, in the pocket of darkness created by a gap between streetlights. It looked empty. My breath came fast and uneven. Of course it should look empty. That was the whole point. But my lungs didn’t calm until I could glimpse the vague shape under the blanket on the backseat. I opened the door and put the backpack on the passenger seat-it settled there with a reassuring clatter-then I climbed in and shut the door. There was no reason to slam the locks down; I ignored the urge. â€Å"Are you okay?† Jared whispered as soon as the door was closed. His voice was a strained, anxious rasp. â€Å"Shh,† I said, keeping my lips as still as I could. â€Å"Wait.† I drove past the bright entrance and answered Cerulean’s wave with one of my own. â€Å"Making friends?† We were on the dark road. No one was watching me anymore. I slumped in the seat. My hands started to shake. I could allow that, now that it was over. Now that I’d succeeded. â€Å"All souls are friends,† I told him, using my normal volume. â€Å"Are you all right?† he demanded again. â€Å"I’m healed.† â€Å"Let me see.† I stretched my left arm across my body, so he could see the tiny pink line. He sucked in a surprised breath. The blanket rustled; he sat up and then climbed through the space between the seats. He pushed the backpack out of the way, then pulled it onto his lap, testing its weight. He looked up at me as we passed under a streetlamp, and he gasped. â€Å"Your face!† â€Å"It’s healed, too. Naturally.† He raised one hand, holding it in the air near my cheek, unsure. â€Å"Does it hurt?† â€Å"Of course not. It feels like nothing happened to it in the first place.† His fingers brushed the new skin. It tingled, but that was from his touch. Then he was back to business. â€Å"Did they suspect anything? Do you think they’ll call the Seekers?† â€Å"No. I told you they wouldn’t be suspicious. They didn’t even check my eyes. I was hurt, so they healed me.† I shrugged. â€Å"What did you get?† he asked, opening the drawstrings on the backpack. â€Å"The right things for Jamie†¦ if we get back in time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I glanced at the clock on the dashboard automatically, though the hours it marked were meaningless. â€Å"And more for the future. I only took what I understood.† â€Å"We’ll be back in time,† he promised. He examined the white containers. â€Å"Smooth?† â€Å"Not a necessity. But I know what it does, so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He nodded, digging through the bag. He muttered the names to himself. â€Å"No Pain? Does it work?† I laughed. â€Å"It’s amazing. If you stab yourself, I could show you†¦ That’s a joke.† â€Å"I know.† He was staring at me with an expression I didn’t understand. His eyes were wide, like something had deeply surprised him. â€Å"What?† My joke hadn’t been that bad. â€Å"You did it.† His tone was full of wonder. â€Å"Wasn’t that the idea?† â€Å"Yes, but†¦ I guess I didn’t really think we were going to make it out.† â€Å"You didn’t? Then why†¦? Why did you let me try?† He answered in a soft almost-whisper. â€Å"I figured it was better to die trying than to live without the kid.† For a moment, my throat was choked with emotion. Mel was too overcome to speak as well. We were a family in that one instant. All of us. I cleared my throat. No need to feel things that would only come to nothing. â€Å"It was very easy. Probably any of you could get away with it, if you acted naturally. She did look at my neck.† I touched it reflexively. â€Å"Your scar is too obviously homemade, but with the medicines I took, Doc could fix that.† â€Å"I doubt any of us could act so natural.† I nodded. â€Å"Yes. It’s easy for me. I know what they expect.† I laughed briefly to myself. â€Å"I’m one of them. If you trusted me, I could probably get you anything in the world you wanted.† I laughed again. It was just the stress fading, making me giddy. But it was funny to me. Did he realize that I would do exactly that for him? Anything in the world he wanted. â€Å"I do trust you,† he whispered. â€Å"With all our lives, I trust you.† And he had trusted me with every single human life. His, and Jamie’s, and everyone else’s. â€Å"Thank you,† I whispered back. â€Å"You did it,† he repeated in wonder. â€Å"We’re going to save him.† Jamie is going to live, Mel rejoiced. Thank you, Wanda. Anything for them, I told her, and then I sighed, because it was so true. After reattaching the tarps when we reached the wash, Jared took over the driving. The way was familiar to him, and he drove faster than I would have. He had me get out before he pulled the car into its impossibly small hiding place under the rock slide. I waited for the sound of rock against metal, but Jared found a way in. And then we were back in the jeep and flying through the night. Jared laughed, triumphant, as we jolted across the open desert, and the wind carried his voice away. â€Å"Where’s the blindfold?† I asked. â€Å"Why?† I looked at him. â€Å"Wanda, if you wanted to turn us in, you had your chance. No one can deny that you’re one of us now.† I thought about that. â€Å"I think some still could. It would make them feel better.† â€Å"Your some need to get over themselves.† I was shaking my head now, picturing our reception. â€Å"It’s not going to be easy, getting back in. Imagine what they’re thinking right now. What they’re waiting for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He didn’t answer. His eyes narrowed. â€Å"Jared†¦ if they†¦ if they don’t listen†¦ if they don’t wait†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I started talking faster, feeling a sudden pressure, trying to get him all the information before it was too late. â€Å"Give Jamie the No Pain first-lay that on his tongue. Then the Inside Clean spray-he just has to inhale it. You’ll need Doc to -â€Å" â€Å"Hey, hey! You’re going to be the one giving the directions.† â€Å"But let me tell you how -â€Å" â€Å"No, Wanda. It’s not going to go down that way. I’ll shoot anyone who touches you.† â€Å"Jared -â€Å" â€Å"Don’t panic. I’ll aim low, and then you can use that stuff to heal ’em back up again.† â€Å"If that’s a joke, it’s not funny.† â€Å"No joke, Wanda.† â€Å"Where’s the blindfold?† He pressed his lips together. But I had my old shirt-Jeb’s raggy hand-me-down. That would work almost as well. â€Å"This will make it a little bit easier for them to let us in,† I said as I folded it up into a thick band. â€Å"And that means getting to Jamie faster.† I tied it over my eyes. It was quiet for a time. The jeep bounced along the uneven terrain. I remembered nights like this when Melanie had been the passenger†¦ â€Å"I’m taking us right to the caves. There’s a place the jeep will be fairly well hidden for a day or two. It will save us time.† I nodded. Time was the key now. â€Å"Almost there,† he said after a minute. He exhaled. â€Å"They’re waiting.† I heard him fumbling beside me, heard a metal clank as he pulled the gun from the backseat. â€Å"Don’t shoot anyone.† â€Å"No promises.† â€Å"Stop!† someone shouted. The sound carried in the empty desert air. The jeep slowed and then idled. â€Å"It’s just us,† Jared said. â€Å"Yes, yes, look. See? I’m still me.† There was hesitation from the other side. â€Å"Look-I’m bringing the jeep in under cover, okay? We’ve got meds for Jamie, and we’re in a hurry. I don’t care what you’re thinking, you’re not going to get in my way tonight.† The jeep pulled forward. The sound changed and echoed as he found his cover. â€Å"Okay, Wanda, everything’s fine. Let’s go.† I already had the pack on my shoulders. I got out of the jeep carefully, not sure where the wall was. Jared caught my searching hands. â€Å"Up you go,† he said, and lifted me over his shoulder again. I wasn’t as secure as before. He used only one arm to hold me. The other must have had the gun. I didn’t like that. But I was worried enough to be grateful for it when I heard the running footsteps approaching. â€Å"Jared, you idiot!† Kyle shouted. â€Å"What were you thinking?† â€Å"Ease up, Kyle,† Jeb said. â€Å"Is she hurt?† Ian demanded. â€Å"Get out of my way,† Jared said, his voice calm. â€Å"I’m in a hurry. Wanda’s in perfect shape, but she insisted on being blindfolded. How is Jamie?† â€Å"Hot,† Jeb said. â€Å"Wanda’s got what we need.† He was moving fast now, sliding downhill. â€Å"I can carry her.† Ian, of course. â€Å"She’s fine where she is.† â€Å"I’m really okay,† I told Ian, my voice bouncing with Jared’s movement. Uphill again, a steady jog despite my weight. I could hear the others running with us. I knew when we were through to the main cavern-the angry hiss of voices swelled around us, turning into a clamor of sound. â€Å"Out of my way,† Jared roared over their voices. â€Å"Is Doc with Jamie?† I couldn’t make out the answer. Jared could have put me down, but he was in too much of a hurry to pause for that second. The angry voices echoed behind us, the sound constricting as we entered the smaller tunnel. I could feel where we were now, follow the turns in my head as we raced through the junction to the third sleeping hall. I could almost count the doors as they passed me invisibly. Jared jerked to a halt and let the sudden stop slide me down from his shoulder. My feet hit the floor. He ripped the blindfold from my eyes. Our room was lit by several of the dim blue lanterns. Doc was standing rigidly, as if he’d just sprung to his feet. Kneeling beside him, her hand still holding a wet cloth to Jamie’s forehead, was Sharon. Her face was almost unrecognizable, it was so contorted with fury. Maggie was struggling to her feet on Jamie’s other side. Jamie still lay limp and red, eyes closed, his chest barely moving to pull in air. â€Å"You!† Sharon spit, and then she launched herself from her crouch. Like a cat, she sprang at Jared, nails reaching for his face. Jared caught her hands and twisted her away from him, pulling her arms behind her back. Maggie looked as if she was about to join her daughter, but Jeb stepped around the struggling Sharon and Jared to stand toe-to-toe with her. â€Å"Let her go!† Doc cried. Jared ignored him. â€Å"Wanda-heal him!† Doc moved to put himself between Jamie and me. â€Å"Doc,† I choked. The violence in the room, swirling around Jamie’s still form, scared me. â€Å"I need your help. Please. For Jamie.† Doc didn’t move, his eyes on Sharon and Jared. â€Å"C’mon, Doc,† Ian said. The little room was too crowded, claustrophobic, as Ian came to stand with his hand on my shoulder. â€Å"You gonna let the kid die for your pride?† â€Å"It’s not pride. You don’t know what these foreign substances will do to him!† â€Å"He can’t get much worse, can he?† â€Å"Doc,† I said. â€Å"Look at my face.† Doc wasn’t the only one who responded to my words. Jeb, Ian, and even Maggie looked and then did a double take. Maggie glanced away quickly, angry that she’d betrayed any interest. â€Å"How?† Doc demanded. â€Å"I’ll show you. Please. Jamie doesn’t need to suffer.† Doc hesitated, staring at my face, and then let out a big sigh. â€Å"Ian’s right-he can’t get much worse. If this kills him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shrugged, and his shoulders slumped. He took a step back. â€Å"No,† Sharon cried. No one paid any attention to her. I knelt beside Jamie, yanking the backpack off my shoulders and tugging it open. I fumbled until I found the No Pain. A bright light switched on beside me, pointed at Jamie’s face. â€Å"Water, Ian?† I twisted the lid open and pinched out one of the little tissue squares. When I pulled Jamie’s chin down, his skin burned my hand. I laid the square on his tongue and then held out my hand without looking up. Ian placed the bowl of water in it. Carefully, I dripped enough water into his mouth to wash the medicine down his throat. The sound of his swallow was dry and painful. I searched frantically for the thinner spray bottle. When I found it, I had the lid off and the mist sprayed into the air above him in one fast movement. I waited, watching his chest until he inhaled. I touched his face, and it was so hot! I scrambled for the Cool, praying it would be easy to use. The lid screwed off, and I found that the cylinder was full of more tissue squares, light blue this time. I breathed a sigh of relief and placed one on Jamie’s tongue. I picked up the bowl again and dribbled another mouthful of water through his parched lips. His swallow was quicker this time, less strained. Another hand touched Jamie’s face. I recognized Doc’s long bony fingers. â€Å"Doc, do you have a sharp knife?† â€Å"I have a scalpel. You want me to open the wound?† â€Å"Yes, so I can clean it.† â€Å"I thought about trying that†¦ to drain it, but the pain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He’ll feel nothing now.† â€Å"Look at his face,† Ian leaned in beside me to whisper. Jamie’s face was no longer red. It was a natural, healthy tan. The sweat still glistened on his brow, but I knew it was just left over from before. Doc and I touched his forehead at the same time. It’s working. Yes! Exultation swept through both Mel and me. â€Å"Remarkable,† Doc breathed. â€Å"The fever has cooled, but the infection may remain in his leg. Help me with his wound, Doc.† † Sharon, could you hand me -† he began absentmindedly. Then he looked up. â€Å"Oh. Ah, Kyle, do you mind handing me that bag right there by your foot?† I scooted down so that I was over the red, swollen cut. Ian redirected the light so I could see it clearly. Doc and I both rustled through our bags at the same time. He came up with the silver scalpel, a sight that sent a quiver of unease down my spine. I ignored it and readied the bigger Clean spray. â€Å"He won’t feel it?† Doc checked, hesitating. â€Å"Hey,† Jamie croaked. His eyes were open wide, roaming the room until they found my face. â€Å"Hey, Wanda. What’s going on? What’s everyone doing here?† How to cite The Host Chapter 45: Succeeded, Essay examples

Does The Consumption Of Red Wine Lower free essay sample

The Hazard Of Heart Disease? Essay, Research Paper Does the ingestion of ruddy vino lower the hazard of bosom disease? The incidence of coronary bosom disease ( CHD ) mortality in France is the lowest among industrial states, despite the high incidence of several hazard factors. In comparing to Americans, the Gallic consume 3.8 times every bit much butter and 2.8 times every bit much lard, they have higher cholesterin and blood force per unit area degrees, they smoke on a comparable degree to Americans, and they don # 8217 ; t exert rather every bit frequently. Despite these shocking wellness statistics, the Gallic have a 2.5 crease less hazard of deceasing as a consequence of bosom disease. What can get down to explicate this? This phenomenon, known as the # 8220 ; Gallic Paradox, # 8221 ; was believed to be due to a vegetable and fruit rich Mediterranean diet. However, through assorted surveies, research workers worldwide have come to hold that the Gallic tradition of devouring ruddy vino is at the root of explicating why the Gallic enjoy a reduced hazard of bosom disease. ? So, does the ingestion of ruddy vino truly cut down the hazard of bosom disease? There has been a consistent organic structure of epidemiologic informations that has alluded to the reduced incidence of mortality and morbidity from coronary bosom disease ( CHD ) among those who consume intoxicant in moderateness in comparing with those who abstain. This protection has been attributed to the ethanol nowadays in those drinks classified as # 8220 ; alcoholic. # 8221 ; But deriving farther impulse is the grounds that polyphenols besides display extra benefits, which at least in vitro and in cell civilization experiments act as powerful inhibitors of thrombocyte collection and biological oxidization reactions associated with the coevals of freed groups. Polyphenols belong to the household of phytochemicals that are found in workss and contribute to a reduced hazard of bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease in people who consume them on a regular basis. Polyphenols are a comparatively new phenomenon and have non once and for all made their instance yet, but there is no challenging the world that the protagonism of fruit and veggies as indispensable constituents of a healthy diet is based upon their intrinsic content of theses same polyphenols. A major advantage of vino over fruit is that the dietetic polyphenols are soluble and bioavailable in vino, which is the grade to which the sum of an ingested food is absorbed and is available to the organic structure. This is an advantage over solid veggies and fruits, which contain their phenolic constituents in polymeric, indissoluble or tightly bound, and compartmentalized signifiers that render them unavailable for soaking up. Since really small is known about the extent or sum of consumption of these dietetic components, it remains to be to the full established that ruddy vino provides a more favourable medium than fruits and veggies. While ruddy vino is seemingly a better beginning of polyphenols, it was necessary to look into on vino # 8217 ; s built-in belongingss through other surveies. The first survey examines resveratrol, a polyphenol in ruddy vino that has been associated with decreased bosom disease. The 2nd survey examines whether alcohol-free ruddy vino has the same effects as alcoholic ruddy vino, so as to determine whether ruddy vino per se has preventative belongingss other alcoholic drinks, fruits, and veggie may non hold. And eventually, the 3rd survey examines the effects of ruddy vino, white vino, and grape juice on in vivo thrombocyte activity and thrombosis in stenotic eyetooth arterias. RESVERATROL The resveratrol survey was a metabolic test on civilized pneumonic arteria endothelial cells to determine whether it, resveratrol, would bring on azotic oxide synthase ( NOS ) , a procedure that inhibits thrombocyte growing, adhesion, and collection. Platelet activity is one of the many factors that go towards doing bosom onslaughts. The civilized bosom cells were prepared and kept homogeneous through fluorescent staining for diacylated low-density lipoprotein. They were so rountinely maintained with a foetal bovine serum that kept them feasible. They were so harvested and counted by a hemocytometer ( blood cell counter ) . Control cells were treated in the same manner, except they were non treated with the resveratrol. Because NOS produces a ephemeral gas, these research workers tested the effects of resveratrol by assaying alterations in ecNOS, an isoform of NOS specifically and expressed in endothelial cells. They found that resveratrol induced NOS and reduced endothelial cell proliferation, or platelet adhesion to the bosom cells. As a consequence of this experiment, it is shown that the polyphenol resveratrol did alleviate thrombocyte growing in the bosom and efficaciously reduced the hazard of coagulating in the civilized bosom cells. ALCOHOL-FREE RED WINE This Italian metabolic survey endeavored to reply the inquiry of whether it is the ethyl alcohol in vino or the polyphenols that are responsible for wine’s protective belongingss. To make this, these research workers used ten healthy non-smokers who did non utilize addendums or vitamins. These topics asked to fast 12 hours prior to the test. They were so given 113 milliliters of alcohol-free ruddy vino. Blood samples were so taken at 30, 50, and 120 proceedingss after consuming the vino. This procedure was so repeated one-week subsequently utilizing tap H2O and white vino. To prove their theory, the research workers studied whether the plasma antioxidant capacity increased and measured this as entire radical-trapping antioxidant parametric quantity ( TRAP ) . This procedure would find whether such an consequence ( TRAP ) is associated with the presence of phenolic compounds in plasma. As they had predicted, the polyphenol content of the ruddy vino was 20 times more active than it was in the white. So they expected to see important consequences in the ruddy vino test. They found that the clip tendency of plasma TRAP degrees after the consumption of alcohol-free vino. TRAP values bit by bit rose in topics who drank ruddy vino, making its extremum 50 proceedingss after consumption and falling back to baseline after 2 hours. The TRAP did non alter when the topics drank H2O or the alcohol-free white vino. This survey proves that non merely the ethyl alcohol in ruddy vino can protect against CHD, but that the concentration of polyphenols can besides hike the protective belongingss of ruddy vino. In kernel, ruddy vino has a double protective ability against CHD, while fruit, veggies, and other alcoholic drinks seem to hold merely one. IN VIVO PLATELET ACTIVITY This last metabolic survey was conducted on mongrel Canis familiariss. Researchers here wished to reaffirm the protective capacity of ethyl alcohol in the thrombocyte suppression in coronary artery disease and CHD. 47 anesthetized Canis familiariss were prepared with an in vivo ( Folts coronary thrombosis theoretical account ) of automatically stenotic coronary arterias and intimal harm. What this did was imitate the stenotic, or constricted, arterias of the bosom as a consequence of coronary artery disease. Thombosis, or curdling of the Black Marias transitions, would so be simulated through the stenotic coronary arteria and cause cyclic flow decreases ( CFRs ) in coronary blood flow. These research workers wished to mensurate how the vino affected these damaging CFRs. 15 Canis familiariss were so given an endovenous extract of ruddy vino diluted in saline ( 2mL of ruddy vino per 200mL of saline ) . 7 Canis familiariss were given the same proportions of white vino, and 5 Canis familiariss were given grape juice. The CFRs in the ruddy vino group were wholly eliminated within 5 proceedingss. The CFRs were abolished for one hr. The grape juice had a similar consequence, halting the CFRs in 10 proceedingss, and the white vino had small to no affect. Research workers here concluded that while ethanol possesses belongingss to suppress platelet growing and expense, something more was to account of the belongingss of grape juice and ruddy vino. They came to the decision that the polyphenols were most likely to account for this. DOES RED WINE PREVENT HEART DISEASE? The surveies presented here clearly present metabolic cogent evidence that ruddy vino does so hold certain intrinsic belongingss that help to forestall bosom disease. This cogent evidence surely backs up old epidemiological surveies that besides suggested an association between reduced bosom disease hazard and the moderate ingestion of ruddy vino. While it is clear that polyphenol may be the active agent in this protection, more survey is needed to further determine other benefits. Bibliography Mentions Published Mentions Marquand, Robert # 8220 ; Rehnquist-led tribunal displacements power to provinces # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor April 17, 1996 O # 8217 ; Brien, David M. Constitutional Law A ; Politics 3rd erectile dysfunction. W.W. Norton A ; Co. , New York, 1997 O # 8217 ; Brien, David M. # 8220 ; The Rehnquist Court and Federal Preemption: In Search of a Theory # 8221 ; Publius: Journal of Federalism 23 ( Fall 1993 ) 15-31 Pittenger, John C. # 8220 ; Garcia and the Political Precautions of Federalism: Is There a Better Solution to the Conundrum of the Tenth Amendment? # 8221 ; Publius: Journal of Federalism 22 ( Winter 1992 ) 1-19 Recent Cases: Constitutional Law-Tenth Amendment-Fourth Circuit holds that Driver # 8217 ; s Privacy Protection Act violates Tenth Amendment-Condon v. Reno, 155 F.3d 453 ( 4th Cir. 1998 ) Harvard Law Review 122 1999 Internet Mentions NCSL Policies, 1998-1999: Law and Justice Federalism 1998 ? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncsl.org/statefed/policies/98-99/lawandj.htm Statistical Data National Income and Products Histories: GDP Data ? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lib.virginia.edu/socsci/nipa/nipa.html Statistics/Data Analysis: Federalism Court Decisions

Reality Tv Essays - Reality Television, Reality, Popular Culture

Reality Tv Public Speaking Speech Topic: Why is reality television popular? Reality television is so popular because their aren't any good actors or actresses in this world any more, therefore, people have now been creating shows that deal with ordinary people; we are far more entertaining than all those actors and actresses. Secondly, people like reality T.V because they like to see others making actual life time mistakes. For example, a show such as Temptation Island , where people are seducing each other for basic pleasure, in order to figure out if he or she have found their real soul mate. The audience enjoys watching reality television because there are no actual roles to be played or particular lines to be said; people are simply expressing how they truly feel. Personally, I think that reality television is as real as it gets. I enjoy watching those types of shows because it's interesting to know how other people think and view what is happening. I suppose that is another reason why reality television is very popular. In this type of television, you're not always watching people who seem extremely perfect. What you're really looking at is people who don't care about what others think and whom have enough confidence in themselves to perform live before millions of people, world-wide. In conclusion, reality T.V is popular because the audience admires the types of people who are just being themselves and in order to show that they tune in to these programs! Speech and Communication Essays

Sherman act essays

Sherman act essays Types of Agreements (Restraint of Trade) The main causes of the antitrust laws are the U.S. can be traced back to two main sources: 1. the revolution of railroads and large firms, and 2. the Great Depression era. The evolution of the railroads created markets where trading can be possible nationwide, which caused big firms to engage in price-fixing, violations of trusts, and monopolizations to exist. The common people, especially farmers, were infuriated because there were no ulterior methods for transportation other than via railroad. Labor people, producers, and retail sectors were also enraged with this new form of transportation because they were at the mercy of the large firms. Therefore, to prevent this form of monopoly from jeopardizing the stability of the United States economy, Congress set forth the Sherman Act, Section 1 into motion in 1890. Section 1 of the Sherman Act specifies every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce...is hereby declared to be illegal. However, these antitrust laws (which describe unlawful practices due to restraint of trade) are stated in rather vague terms, which then leave the role of the Supreme Court to interpret their meanings of what is deemed a violation of the Sherman Act. The Supreme Court ruled early cases involving Trans-Missouri and Addyston Pipe and Steel (1897 and 1898 respectively) to the highest level of extent. The courts held that under the specific wording of section one, and that there are certain categories of practices should be conclusively unlawful, there will be no exceptions. Therefore, these two cases which involved overt price-fixing, were deemed harmful to consumers and the economy, and so are illegal per se. Another infamous instance involving explicit collusion to fix prices is the Westinghouse-General Electric (and 27 other firms) case of 1960. The main ...

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personal Statement Example And once I settled down with the campus life, I was more than eager to begin my education. However things did not turn out as I had expected as all my hopes that were built during the first few weeks did not last for long and I was left to think whether I really intended to continue my education in that place. After a lot of thinking, I then decided to transfer to a different college, though I was initially apprehensive about my parent’s response to my decision. After much debate and consultation, I have now finally decided to take the chance and apply for the university; one, which I believe, would provide me with good education and at the same time also aid in my personality growth and development into a better individual. College education changed my perception of education in many ways and also my objectives in life. The experience that I gained during my first semester at college was vastly different from that of school and it made me become more independent and pushed me to work harder with my studies. The confidence that I gained during this period helped me choose my major subjects and other courses, according to my liking and strength and also learnt the most important requirement of effective time management. I realized that there was more to education than what I had previously imagined.

Sales Operations and Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales Operations and Planning - Assignment Example The sales team will support the promotion mix through demonstrating professional understanding of the product. Their customer-centered attitude is expected to generate satisfaction and the confidence to buy the products among customers (Belch & Belch, 2006). Their appearance through dressing in branded T-shirts and caps will be significant in promoting the product as well as the company’s presence in the UK. The salespeople will offer essential advice to customers regarding the application of products to ensure that they derive maximum utility. The job descriptions of salespeople and their remuneration plans also need to reflect the corporate objectives. This alignment is a significant step aimed at maintaining the financial well-being of the company. It motivates the sales team to engage in activities that enhance corporate objectives by avoiding sever connections between what the organization is trying to accomplish and the aims of the sales team. If the alignment is not est ablished, there is a likelihood of the sales people overemphasizing on certain products or activities that they associate with maximal gains in terms of compensation while disregarding others (Stone & Jacobs, 2001). This may negatively influence the company’s market expansion especially in the efforts for new product launch as salespeople focus much of their energies on the already established products in the market and fewer efforts to the slow-moving and less known products.  

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Book review - Essay Example After her sister Rosa dies from being poisoned, Clara becomes a hermit. Esteban, Rosa’s fiance, is busy making a fortune and sexually exploiting peasant girls because he feels that he is entitled to due to his financial status. Upon deciding to visit the old del Valle house, Esteban meets Clara and they quickly become engaged and marry. After they are married, Ferula, Esteban’s sister, moves in with them. A year later, Esteban and Clara give birth to their first child, a daughter named Blanca, who, as she gets older, falls in love with Pedro Tercero. By the end of that summer, Clara finds herself to be pregnant with twins, boys to be named Jaime and Nicolas. Before the birth of her boys, Clara’s parents die in a car accident, resulting in the beheading of her mother, Nivea. Clara isn’t immediately told of what has happened to Nivea, in fear of complications with her pregnancy, but she still finds out. She sets out to find the head, aided by Ferula. During this devastating time, Ferula and Clara become really close; eventually, Ferula and Esteban are fighting for Clara’s attention and love. One day, Esteban comes home to find Ferula and Clara in bed together, and he hastily kicks Ferula out of the house, but not before she can curse him with a lonely life. As time goes on, Blanca and Pedro’s love deepens, though they know that Blanca’s father would never approve, as Pedro is from a different class. Years later, Esteban finds out about his daughter’s love affair by Jean de Satigny, who only wants to secure himself in Esteban’s financial life either as his business partner or his son-in-law. In an attempt to separate his daughter from her lover, Esteban tries to kill Pedro, harming his own wife in the process, who then establishes a silent relationship between her and her husband. However, years down the road,

Business Leadership: Chanda Kochar

Business Leadership: Chanda Kochar If one monitors much of the success that most recognized products have had in the past, one would realize that all these products have relied on proper financial planning to make it happen. It requires a style of its own, a craftsmanship that can aid in distinguishing a product from every other in the market. The role of the leader who manages this is very significant in making it happen. This raises the interest in me to pursue a career leading me to be the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a company. The sort of leadership skills necessary in making it happen is exhaustive in nature. It covers areas related to sales management, product management, advertisement, promotions, channel management, financial planning and accountancy. With such diversity, a CFOs role is highly challenging from a leaders perspective. He is required to be highly analytical in his day-to-day approach as well as equally creative in planning his finances to lead the company to success. Even those areas which d o not have a direct impact on finance and accounting are in some manner associated with reaching the financial objectives. So, a CFO has to co-ordinate with even such departments including information technology, public affair, HR management, marketing management, production etc. This certainly helps in understanding the challenges that a CFO has to take care of. One can very well understand this in terms of co-ordination that the CFO needs to have with the information technology department. Every promotional ad that is made these days is dependent on the extent to which a company can afford it. As for example the famous zuzu ads given by Vodafone are highly technology dependent. In other words, a CFO, rite from the time he is chosen as one has to deal with the most complex of the challenges of the corporate world. (McGirt, 2007) As far as my personal leadership philosophy is concerned, a leader is required to be a system thinker. He is required to take care of all the people working under him. The entire organization should be worked as centralized and problems related to all need to be solved by a leader. This can be seen from all the leadership dimensions persistent in the company. As far as motivation is concerned, there should be no rivalry on grounds of favouritism in this regard. In terms of operations, a leader has to ensure that there is equal contribution from all. It is only a leader and his ways that can make this a possibility. Also, a leader should ensure that every individual works to the best of his abilities no matter what group or team he is working for. At the same time, he should keep the organizational strategy at the broader level in mind before taking any decisions. Precisely, a leader is supposed to take charge of resolving all brainstorming sessions resulting due to conflicts in views at the organizational level. Also, with strong domain knowledge, a leader is supposed to ensure that any deficiency in terms of talent and expertise in the organization is sorted with immediate effect. Another important parameter here is that a leader is expected to have integrity in his approach. This is because only then would he be able to set an example for his followers. Once the leader is honest in his own ways, his team would work to the best of its capabilities. This is expected to be truer for a job like that of a chief financial officer who has a big team to follow and integrity becomes the most essential part in all the team members. Five Most important leadership skills In the modern world of today, where one can just not afford to lose out on any grounds with the competitors, an organization has to do all that it can so as to turn out most effective. Under the conditions, effective leadership has been found to be the most significant trait to deal with the issues in the internal organization. This has been seen in case of a CFO and is viable for every other designation a person might hold. We are all aware of the fact that an organization can just not do with a half-hearted approach of the members. To make the organizations streamlined, a leader has to play an important role. Leader is a very common personality essential in every area of an organization. Leadership is the inherent quality which has to be possessed in abundance for effective leadership. The most important functionality of leadership is to motivate people to work so as to have enough efficiency from the organizations perspective. This is a characteristic which is common in all the sk ills that a leader carries. Leadership can also be said to be the process by which a leader has the social influence on the people by providing them support and aids who are working for the accomplishment of a common goal. It is leadership that draws maximum contribution from an individual. A leader must possess quality leadership. He could also provide people working for him the social security so that they feel secure under him and should also be able to motivate them for common beliefs. Also, leaders enjoy a number of powers in an organization. With these powers leaders are said to be engaged in power-politics that is using the authority for its own sake. Some authors reflect it to be unethical use of administrative power. Leaders face a lot of problems in an organization in terms of issues related to power and politics. The first one is favoring of own people in organization. Others are related to unethical use of the authority in business process. Looking at the diversities in which a CFO has to deal in, it is highly likely that there would be cases pertaining to power and politics. A leader has to be skilled enough to deal with the same. Considering all these different situations and responsibilities, it is certain that a leader requires having at least some basic skills in him so as to deal with corporate culture effectively. These traits have been listed as follows: (Mason, 2011) Systems Thinker: A leader should take the entire organization into account before addressing any issue. Considering the competition in every field, every corner of an organization needs to be checked of its operations so as to provide the best possible final services or products. This does not only include those areas that are internal to an organization. External interaction has included the outside stakeholders in the organization system as well. A leader has to take care of this region with equal zeal as he does of the internal region of the organization. Every bit of favouritism should be avoided and performance appraisal methods should felicitate only those employees who deserve. (Shead, 2010). From this, perspective, there are eight different traits required in a leader to be a systems thinker. These have been listed as follows: Forward looking: This guides the leader toward successful completion of the project or work. By having an optimistic idea of the entire organization, a leader is expected to raise the level of confidence in the team members as well as in him. Ultimately, it is the overall progress of the organization which is expected by a leader. Honest: This helps in building a non-partial and efficient relationship with both the upper administration and employees hence completing the entire internal organization. Having this approach would set examples for the team members to follow. This would be beneficial in the long run. So, this trait of a systems thinker increases a leaders probability of success. Broad-minded: It is necessary for a leader to be broad-minded so that small matters do not create hurdles during work. At times, a leader is expected to ignore a number of activities in the system for the ultimate benefit of the system. So, ignorance accompanied by patience helps in making this happen. Ambitious: An ambitious leader can handle new and creative projects more willingly. Being a systems thinker, a leader can very well distribute work load amongst the organizational members. This would make it easy for the new projects to be handled. A reason for the same is that only a leader who is a systems thinker would be able to know distinguished qualities of every individual within an organization, thus using his ambitious nature to work it best for overall success. Competent: There is competition in business everywhere. The leader must be competitive in order to survive. Only a systems thinker can afford to be competitive. He would thus know the areas which would serve as core competencies for his team and improve accordingly to beat the competitors in every respect. Caring: A caring leader motivates and manages workforce more efficiently. Here, caring does not only refer to the employees. It also relates to the reputation of the organization. This is where a systems approach comes into play. It is the emotion that a leader develops for the benefit of the organization that takes his team forward. Inspiring: A leader who inspires his workforce better can extract more from his employees. Here again, the mentioned workforce is in totality. The motivation appeals of systems thinker is highly significant in making it happen. Communication Skills: A leader should be able to communicate all his ideas and perspective so that it reaches even the bottom most classification of employees. In fact personal interaction should be most possible so that it is justifiable to all. Communication skills required in a leader can be better understood as follows: Interpersonal Role: This is a role of a leader that provides information to all the other parts of the organization. Also its purpose is to receive feedback from the rest of the organization. The following characteristics come under this: -Figurehead: A leader should create an impression amongst the organizational members so that his orders are respected and he is considered worthy enough to have the final say in organizational issues. This can be developed by giving equal opportunities to all the members. In other words, a leader has to be a common favorite for an organization to succeed. Here, the concept of election can be taken into account for getting the best results. One must understand that it is the job of a leader to create an employee friendly environment. This is much associated with the organizational success. The reason for the same is that once the employees are contented enough, they would be ready to deliver the best possible and hence make the best fortunes for the organization. (Communication skills for the Leader and Manager , 2011) -Liaison: Communication skills are not only handy within the organization. An equitable responsibility exists for maintaining outside relations. A leader is a representative of the organization. The ways in which he deals with the people external to the organization, decides the forward link. Patience as well as intelligence at the same time is extremely fruitful in making this a possibility. None of the functionalities in a system would be required if a leader lacks in this very requisite. Informational Role: This performs a processing on the information provided by the organization and gives it to decisional authority. Its basic functions are: -Monitor: There are numerous activities going around in the vicinity of an organization. A leader is expected to manage them all. But when the strength of an organization is big, monitoring every department would not be possible for a leader. Here team work becomes important. A leader would monitor the different teams in on organization by maintaining terms with the sub level leaders. -Disseminator: Every bit of information that originates from a leader should be disseminated at an appropriate time to all the departments of the organization. This has a number of benefits associated with it. The first is that once the shop floor staff knows the strategies of the organization, they would be able to incline themselves accordingly. Also, they would develop respect for the leader having been given the privilege to have access to vital information about the organization. This ultimately lifts the work spirit of the entire organization. The skill also lies in laying the boundary between the confidential information about the organization and access of the same to the employees. Every level should certainly have authenticity of information. So, a leader has to establish a trade-off between accessibility and security at the same time. This is where the disseminator quality of a leader comes into play. (Forster, 2010) -Spokesperson: This is another important communication skill of a leader. No matter who does the backhand work and the scripting, it is finally the leader who is the spokesperson. So, this trait determines the presentation skills of a leader. It marks the beginning of association of an organization with another. Good Listener: A leader should give equal opportunities to all his team members so that they can contribute to the organizations welfare. A direct interaction of a simple salesman with customers could be very useful for the leader to incorporate changes if required. The following are the common errors made by the leaders at the workplace which results in disturbed organization of employees and colleagues sometimes when a leader is not a good listener. This typically reduces the loyalty of employees towards the leader. It also makes the employees less satisfied by the job environment and thus results in increased job turnover and thus decreased productivity. Feeling that the leader alone is responsible for carrying out the responsibilities of an organization can widen the gap between the employees and the leader. All the skills that have been discussed so far would go for a waste if this persists in a system. If a leader wants everybody to like him, he would probably never be happy with his team. This would result in failure of substantial magnitude. Whenever there is a brainstorming session, there would have to be a solution. It is the job of a leader to be wise enough to get to the correct conclusion, but this is likely to create dissatisfaction for those speaking against the final solution. The leader has to make an attempt to convince the opposition but not waste resources in overdoing it. Until or unless there is no bit of favoritism involved in it, it would be safe for the organization. Excess socializing can also be a hindrance for the organization. It is a challenge for a leader to be able to draw the line between the organization and its external associations. An excess of socialization would reduce the bargaining power of the system. It can have a magnitude of affecting the core competency of the system as well. Also, if a leader is always in a spree to prove that he has the best solution, would go for nullifying his effect. A leader should always appreciate others solutions and only under suitable conditions he should discard others says. Becoming friend of the employees is never a good practice. A leader is supposed to create an interactive atmosphere but here again; there should always be a difference between the leader and the team members. If this does not persist, the team would lose accountability. There would be nobody reporting to the leader and the work discipline would vanish. Hence, here again a leader has to maintain a balance in the work culture. A leader is not supposed to do everything himself. This would increase the probability of dissatisfaction amongst the team members because of work scarcity. Also, a feeling of mistrust starts to exist under the conditions. So, a leader is supposed to trust his team mates and distribute work justifiably between each member. These are the common errors made by the leaders at the workplace which results in disturbed organization of employees and colleagues sometimes. This typically reduces the loyalty of employees towards the leader. Hence, a leader is expected to keep his ears open to every requirement of the organization and as seen in almost all the cases maintain a balance in communication. (POSNER, 2007) Innovation: In this world of today where demand lives on the direction of innovation, a leader is expected to be highly innovative in his means to be able to replace every function as soon as it becomes traditional no matter how quickly it happens. Innovation does not only relate to using new technology in improving the pace at which an organization works. (Forster, 2010) In fact every dimension of the system requires innovation. If one considers the human resource system for example, it would need innovation in its management. In the recent days, there used to trade unions in every organization. Today there is no room for such trade unions. As soon as the corporate world saw the need to put it to an end, it did so which has made todays smarter employees easy to be managed. Also, the style of leadership needs to be innovative these days. The old system of tall hierarchies should be removed completely. The degree of customization in this respect depends upon the perception of the lead er about his team members. Also, the degree of motivation in the employees suggests the type of organizational structure followed. For an organization where the employees are motivated from initial times, a flat hierarchy could be followed. For others it would be customized as required. Also, a leader is expected to show innovation in the manner in which he approaches the external world. Even in B2C businesses, the customers are smart enough to seek value addition whenever they are approached. Innovation in terms of technology, work process and delivery is highly material under the circumstances. If this does not take place, the organization is bound to succumb to competition. Also, managing a business requires innovation. The entire supply chain from procurement to customer service requires innovation. A very recent manner is the use of innovative IT solutions in the operational process. This can be possible by using innovative solutions of ERP, CRM etc. It would automate the proce ss as and when a leader feels that one should incorporate changes in the same, he should go for some innovative measures of doing it. (Lee, 2011) Decision-making abilities: A leader should have the prowess to be fast in decision making at the same time consider all the pros and cons of the decisions. A lot of the organizations effectiveness depends on the decision making capabilities of the leader. Here again, there should be consensus of the entire team before a decision is made. This means that whenever required, a leader should have the confidence to gather the entire team at work and reach to the most viable decision taking every constraint into account before reaching to conclusions. There a number if errors a leader is likely to incur in this area. They have been mentioned as follows: (Forster, 2010) Making natural decision-The world is changing every moment. Under such situations, it is not feasible for a leader to make natural decisions. There are a number of occasions where what seems likely is not what is suitable. This requires that a leader is not lethargic in his ways. A natural decision would never lead to accelerated progress. Current demands which are mostly latent in nature do not recommend such form of decision making. So, a leader should be appropriate rather than predictable which is also a threat from the competitive point of view. Being defensive when mistaken- A leaders confidence is seen during times when he is actually mistaken. Rather than becoming defensive under such conditions, a leader is expected to react in the best possible way so as to resurrect from this situation. This will test the leader of his ability to adapt to change in policy. Also, it is fact that learning comes from failures. A leader is expected to believe in this fact and follow the same so that his team members also get the inner strength to get over their mistakes hence improving the morale of their entire team. Giving praise to employees for their answers- There is always a difference between appreciation and praising. A leader is expected to maintain this difference so that none of his team mates develop an impression of favoritism in any of his deeds. Consistent appreciation for good work would result into a healthy competition within the organizational environment where as praising a person again and again can even lead to high attrition rates. Development of three leadership skills Communication Skills: This can be developed by consistently understanding the needs of the corporate both within and outside the organization. The reason for the same is that once there is sufficient understanding, communication would be made easier. It is not easy to develop communication skills in a system where there is substantial bit of diversity. We have seen the case of a Chief Financial Officer. The team or the group of teams that he has to handle is huge. So, understanding the needs of every person would be highly complex if one takes personal interviews. A consistent round of questionnaire should thus be distributed amongst all the team members from time to time. This questionnaire should include all aspects of work culture. Also, it should have a portion for personal views of each employee. This is highly important because better communication can only be established if a leader is able to understand the views of all the employees and the other team members who work under him. Even the factors which are taken into consideration in the questionnaire should depend on the type of situation existing in the industry at the time of survey. The reason for the same is that, it will fetch the latest problems that people have and be more effective in decision making. As for example, during the period of recession the requirements of team members would have been different from otherwise normal occasions. As such periods are highly critical; a leader needs to have even better communication with the team members. So, questionnaires need to be customized accordingly to reflect the time of distribution. Also, there should be training period to improve communication. Working with a diversity of people would mean that there would be different levels of communication between the team members. This could be with respect to language, motivation, level of understanding etc. This can be developed in a span of 4-5 years by getting across all the different situations of business that can arise in an organization. Communication can also be improved by shifting designations. In a span of around 4-5 years, if a person shifts his position in the company, he would get to interact with a greater diversity of population. As a result of this, he would be acquainted with more number of situations in hence develop into a better communicator of things. The position of a CFO should only be given to that person who has the experience of leading different categories of teams so that his experience can be put to use. If every coveted place of an organization is given on the basis of diversities in which a person has been under, it would not only increase the team spirit in the individuals but also make them better communicators. (Leadership Communication Skills The Importance of Connection, 2008) Innovation: Innovation is a part of the original thought-process of an individual. But, it can be developed with respect to an industry depending upon the experience and the honesty of work so that a leader is able to understand the marker better and come up with suitable ideas at the time it is required. It is never an easy task to develop a project or a product for a company. It is also true that this cant be done alone by practising any form of leadership. As it has been mentioned earlier, a leader is expected to have interactions with the research and development department of the company. This is one of the areas from where an innovation proceeds. A leader should be aware of all these innovations and make note of the reactions of the market after every new innovation made in the company. This would give him a better view of the corporate environment which in turn would develop his innovation skills in about 4 to 5 years time. This is a reactive approach towards innovation. A lea der can also look for some proactive approaches in this regard. As for example, if in about 2 years, a leader feels that he is capable enough to understand the latent demands of the customers, he can design products that have no relevance with the past. A lot of stress would have to be given on reliability tests of the product before it is launched. Here, again the communication skills of the leader are under scrutiny considering the challenge behind taking up the job. There could be various example of doing this. For example the introduction of i-phone was a complete innovation of its leader, Steve Jobs who has enough experience to go for such risky innovations. The basic factor for success of this gadget is that it completely satisfies the latent demand of the customers of the product. Similarly, when Reliance introduced a phone in India that was priced as low as 75 Dhms, it sent a wave of demand across the nation. Here again proactive form of leadership can be seen in use. Not only in the form of products, but innovation can be seen in the form of marketing to a large extent. As for example, the different forms of advertisements would largely follow innovation. We have all seen the latest zuzu ad given by Vodafone. This form of advertisement had never been seen before. But, no matter what age group one might belong to, it is highly appreciated by all. So, this teaches a lesson to all the leaders that one can make innovations not only in the form of introducing new products or services in a company. This can also be done by presenting the same product but in an innovative manner so as to attract the crowd even further. Innovation within the organization management has also become highly important these days. HR system would not work in the same manner as mentioned earlier. A company should always use measures like free shares of the company to its employees to show them a variety of benefits. This would raise the level of satisfaction. Benefits like holiday packages, free passes, increased breaks, special meals etc can add to innovative practices in increasing HR satisfaction. Only an experience of 4-5 years would make one understand the relevance of each of these approaches in the HR system. Decision-making capabilities: This trait can also be developed over time, concentrating more on the necessities of the customers and the requirements of the employees at the same time. Decision-making abilities develop as a result of confidence. One needs to be confident in his own mental abilities so that he can envision the situation around him which would give him the guts to take decisions. Being in the industry for about 4-5 years would mean that a leader would be able to analyse the world around him. One cant state the level of analysis that a leader would be able to do. It all depends on how much he can break down a situation, looking at the individual parts and then providing an overview of all of them. Also, decision making can be improved by thinking critically. This means that a leader must develop the ability to be an optimist and a pessimist at the same time. Years of experience would bring forward all the possible consequences and the good possibilities of a decision. A leader should be able to grasp those that are more likely to occur before he can make a decision. For example, for every movie that is released at the box office, there is always a critical review made. If in a span of 4-5 years time a leader can make such a critical review before even the release of a movie, he can consider himself a good decision maker. Development of decision-making skills would also come from being able to understand the value of research. Rather than wasting too much in a particular direction, a good decision maker would know exactly what would be most beneficial. Research conducted by Coke and Pepsi is a highly suitable example to showcase the developed leadership abilities in this respect. Also, a leader can develop decision making by being able to manage the conflicts that arise within him and in the world around him. All these characteristics make up the decisive behaviour techniques including all the assumptions of risk in it. The developed parameters of a capable decision making leader would be his self-awareness, skill acquisition and improved competence. Also, an ability to appreciate decentralized decision making developed over a period of 4-5 years with the above mentioned characteristics completes a leader in this context. (Lessons in Leadership: Decision Making A Must for Success, 2010) Woman Business Leader Here, I would talk about the highly capable Chanda Kochar who is the MD and CEO of ICICI Bank in India. This great business leader even without completing a half century of her life holds this herculean responsibility. Also, ICICI bank, that she leads is the largest private bank in India and on an overall basis, it is the second largest bank in the entire nation. She is the head of the Corporate Centre of this bank. She was born and brought up in a city called Jaipur in western Rajasthan in India. She received a bachelors degree from Jai Hind College in Mumbai and subsequently pursued Cost Accountancy in the year 1982. She has done her MBA from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai. She has a financial background. In her academic career itself, she received two of the most prestigious awards of all times. She was the proud winner of Wockhardt Gold Medal for Excellence in Management Studies and also the J.N. Bose Gold Medal in Cost Accountancy for being the topper in that very year. The best of all this is that both these awards come in the same year which just personifies her domain knowledge proficiency. Mrs. Kochar has consistently appeared in the Fortunes List of Most Powerful Women in Business from 2005. This is even before she got her current authority. Moreover, she started from the twentieth position in Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women list in 2009. She has also been dignified with Padma Bhushan award which is the third highest civilian award in India. (Directors Profile, 2010) Mrs. Kochars professional career started in the year 1984 and can be divided into 3 phases. The first phase is that from 1984-1993. It was in the year 1984 that she joined The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd (ICICI Ltd.) as a management trainee. From the early years itself she got the herculean task of Project Appraisal and Monitoring. This shows the mark of leadership in an individual who is given such tasks also in diversified ranging from Petrochemicals to Cement including Textile and Paper. The second phase was that from 1993 to 2006. It was in this intermediate phase of her life that she was sent to be a part of the core team of the bank and set it right. After 10 years of working in the same bank she was given the responsibility to be the General Manager in 1994 followed by which she became the Deputy General Manager in the year 1996. At that time she was heading the Infrastructure Industry Group of the bank. Her basic focus was to create expertise in Power, Telecom and Transportation sectors. Then the major turn round in her career was seen in the year 1988 when she became the General Manager of the bank and was considered suitable enough to lead the Major Client Group. In about a decade from then she started to handle Strategy and E-Commerce divisions of the bank as well. It was under her leadership in the year 2000 that ICICI started Retail business and in only 5 years it became the largest retail finance in India. Then in 2001, her qualities gave her the position of Executive Director from where she heads the entire bank. Finally, the third phase started from 2006 and c

A Womans World Essay -- Feminism Equality Essays

A Woman's World There is a great distance present between woman in education and woman in society. Women in society, specifically the work place, do not reflect the portrayal of women in education. There is a thin line present between the identity of woman and what characteristics are needed to succeed in the work environment. Woman are capable of obtaining the characteristics that lead to success however, many may question where, when and how these traits are taught to women. In " What Does a Woman Need to Know? b Andriene Rich states that woman may need to look farther than what lessons are provided in standard education in order to achieve success in the working environment. " There is no women's college today which is providing young women with the education they need for survival as whole persons in a world today which denies woman wholeness."pg.65 It is a challenge for woman to express their womanly traits in a work place that where these specific characteristics are dined the opportunity for success. Women in education, women in work force, and the relationship between them repeatedly continue to teach women the lessons of survival are not provided in society, and need to come from within. I am presently a preschool teacher. In our school there is a library filled with children's books. Throughout each story I read to these three and four year old children I notice that there is a common message instilled within each story. This message includes a very specific idea of women and the roles in which one is expected to portray. These roles describe woman as a mother or child who is submissive, quit, non-confrontational and usually facing a dilemma that requires help from a male figure. Children are subjected to listen... ...at she is up against and can then begin to learn what tools are necessary in order to over come it. As a teacher I can shamefully say that this is the first time I have ever questioned myself as to the role I play in this situation. I now ask myself what can I do as an educator to better prepare the children? I am now aware of the influence I have, and have already begun to make changes in my own curriculum. It is now a goal of my own to deliver an education to students that accurately relates to the realities of society. Through my own experience's I have learned my own survival techniques and skills needed to achieve success and as a teacher I hope to share this with my students. Work Cited Rich, Adrienne. "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewics. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2000, 65-70. .